Challenges Of Islamic Religious Higher Education In Indonesia: Qualitative Analysis Using NVivo Software

September 2021 ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze and examine the main issues in any news on the internet related to the challenges of Islamic Religious Higher Education. Online News is obtained using the Google Indonesia search engine using the keyword "PTKI Challenge". In this study, 22 most popular news items were analyzed related to these keywords. All the news is then coded to find the main topic contained in the news using NVivo version 12 software. The results of the main topic analysis show that the PTKI Challenge according to various news quotes has revealed many things with 58 references obtained by researchers from 22 online news. The 58 references are divided into twenty main topics. Of the 20 main topics mentioned above, the most highlighted challenge was "the curriculum does not fit the needs" which were quoted from 8 references. Next, the most cit ed challenge for PTKI is the “Pandemic” which throughout 2020 is currently hitting Indonesia with 6 references. Furthermore, the challenge for PTKI that was highlighted the most was Institutional Strengthening, totaling 6 citations. And also widely quoted is the acquisition of skills and knowledge in PTKI which is a challenge with as many as


INTRODUCTION
In terms of quantity, Pendidikan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam or Islamic Religious Higher Education (henceforth PTKI) in Indonesia is so huge, no less than 5391 private and 56 public, ranging from the status of academies, high schools, institutes, and universities. However, when it is viewed in terms of quality, the very large number is not yet encouraging. This means that the quality of PTKI on average has not been seen massively and evenly. Whereas historically, PTKI was born in the 1940s which when measured from the point of view of the time dimension, the PTKI that emerged in the early days is now in its 60s. The birth of PTKIN--formerly PTI (Islamic Higher Education) or Pendidikan Tinggi Islam and PTAIN (State Islamic Higher Education) or Pendidikan Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri--started from the emergence of the desire of the Indonesian Islamic community during the colonial period to have a higher education with a religious character. This desire was more reactive to the Dutch ethical-political policy in the field of education which seemed "half-hearted" and had a lot of political content than educating the indigenous people. One can be seen from the small percentage of indigenous students in several public universities, not to mention secular, which were founded by the Dutch colonialists. In addition, this small percentage is only prioritized for the priyayi, abangan, and non-Muslim groups (Mujtahid, 2020).
Currently, the world is experiencing changes that have such a large impact, the impact is the effect of the development of the digital world. This progress by social scientists is called the era of disruption, an era in which all sectors feel the impact, both the economic, political, and educational sectors that also feel the impact of digital transformation. Digital transformation is felt necessary for the advancement of the world of education in Indonesia. Digital transformation, cost efficiency, and productivity, as well as improving the quality of education will lead to a good system. Higher Education is one of the education sectors that always conduct studies and research in developing these problems. Universities in Indonesia need a transformation towards the digital era as has been implemented by several developed countries (Harto, 2018).
In 2013, the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia through DIKTIS provided PTKIN support and motivation to transform universities with national reputations into world-class universities (henceforth WCU), with pilot projects of two State Islamic Universities, namely UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang and UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta for the webometric version of WCU (Sayuti & Rahiem, 2020;Zaky Alhhamda, 2013). In the pilot project of the transformation of the two PTKIN to gain the reputation of WCU, funds, mentality, and strategy are needed to enter the reputation of WCU. Its ranking is the hottest issue in higher education institutions in Indonesia, both public and private universities. So that many universities in Indonesia are preparing to enter the WCU ranking. PTKIN which was included in the July 2016 webometric version of WCU which consisted of 55 institutions, only 16 were included in the webometric consisting of 8 UIN institutions, 4 IAIN institutions, and 4 STAIN institutions (pendis.kemenag.go.id, 2016), while universities, especially universities under the auspices of the Ministry of Research and Higher Education has entered the WCU, webometric, and THE rankings with a top 1000 ranking such as the University of Indonesia, Gajah Mada University, Diponegoro University, and the Bandung Institute of Technology (Fauzi, 2016).
In today's era, information technology has developed very rapidly. News is very easy to access via the internet. Every minute, it will emerge and people will be forced to accept the news with their respective subjectivity. Scientific research that analyzes the information we access through online news and social media is still very rarely done because it is very subjective and the level of validity and reliability cannot be proven. However, currently, some software has accommodated social researches with a qualitative approach and by using input from online media. One such software is NVivo.
Nvivo was originally developed in 1981 by programmer Tom Richards under the name Non-Numerical Unstructured Data Indexing Searching and Theorizing (NUD*IST). Until 1995, NUD*IST was very developed in the United States and the United Kingdom especially after Lyn Richards and Tom Richards founded QSR International and collaborated with SAGE Publications. As a result, more than 100,000 people in 70 countries in 2000 had N5 licenses from it.
Since 2002, NUD*IST has been renamed Nvivo. N stands for NUD*IST and VIVO is taken from the second term from grounded theory experts (Straus, 1987;Glasser 1978), namely "in-Vivo" which means coding based on real (live) data experienced by participants in the field. Naming NVivo shows the main function of the software to perform data coding effectively and efficiently. Thus, the key to being able to present data in the form of tables, graphs, diagrams, and models for qualitative researchers who use NVivo is how to code the research data sources. NVivo's powerful data coding has attracted the interest of more than 200,000 academics and researchers who used NVivo 2 until 2004.
In 2006, QSR International succeeded in developing Nvivo 7. With this software, we can analyze data in the form of text, audio, but we cannot analyze data sourced from photos and videos. NVivo 9 covered the gap so that when Nvivo 10 was released in 2012, qualitative and mixed-methods researchers not only analyzed data in the form of text, photos, audio, and video but were also able to capture YouTube videos and websites including social media such as Facebook, Twitter. and LinkedIn. As reported by QSR, NVivo 10 for windows has been used by more than 500,000 academics in more than 150 countries until 2012 and has grown to 1.5 million researchers to date, spread across various government and non-government institutions (Bandur, 2016).
The last series from NVivo is the Nvivo 12 Plus series which has the advantage of being able to import or export the required data from online media, social media, library tools such as Mendeley and Endnote as well as quantitative data processing tools such as SPSS and Minitab. One is the device used in this research.

METHOD
The The research method used in this paper is a qualitative research method using coding techniques assisted by the NVivo 12 plus series software (Nurchurifiani & Zulianti, 2021;Solikhah & Herlisya, 2021).

Research Location and Time
This research was carried out in the territory of Indonesia with the help of Google Indonesia and the news taken was the most popular news with the keyword "PTKI Challenge or Tantangan PTKI" on December 25, 2020, at 03.00 PM.

Types and Methods of Data Collection
The data analyzed in this study is qualitative news from the twenty-two most popular news on Google Indonesia. The data collection method uses N capture software which is part of the NVivo 12 Plus software in collaboration with Google Chrome.

Analysis Method
The flow of methods and data analysis is as follows. 1. Use a computer connected to the internet that has Google Chrome and NVivo 12 plus software installed 2. Go to Google Chrome and make sure you use the Google Indonesia search engine. 3. Enter the keyword "PTKI Challenge or Tantangan PTKI" and press the search button 4. Google will show search results from all channels, press the news channel.
5. Google will display hundreds of thousands of related news based on the level of popularity 6. Click the news one by one, and open the news website page, then use the Ncapture software on Google to save the news one by one. 7. Do the same for all the news, so that there is no bias. If there is news on the same day with the same or similar title, select only one piece of news. 8. Then open the Nvivo 12 plus software. And select the Blank project program and give it a project title 9. Select the data menu and select the menu from other sources and select Ncapture. 10. Enter all the news that has been downloaded previously using Ncapture. 11. Put it in a special folder with the relevant title. 12. Do a word test by entering the keyword "Thalleng PTKI" with the "text search" menu and see the results. If all news contains at least 1 keyword. News can be included. 13. To see an overview of the news, the "word tree" menu can be used to see the relationship between keywords in general. 14. Then do the coding technique by reading the news one by one carefully. 15. If there is a statement, the researcher will subjectively conclude whether the sentence has a positive, negative, or neutral sentiment. If you have a sentiment, block the word and drag the statement to the nodes menu in the sentiment section.
In the sentiment menu, there are folders for positive and negative sentiments. 16. Do the same for the main topic of the statement. In the nodes, the menu creates a category for each main topic created. 17. For each statement that has a main topic folder, drag its sentences into that folder.
If there is no folder, then create a new main topic folder. 18. NVivo will automatically count the number of nodes created for both sentiment and main topics. 19. NVivo will help provide data on which news stories are interconnected with the main topic so that we can review it qualitatively in more depth.
An example of coding from a news story is shown in Figure 1.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
From the results of the search for the most popular news with the Google search engine with the keyword "PTKI Challenges" online news is obtained as follows: Minangkabau (Tirman, 2020) 7 PTKI Campus Must Improve Student Skills kompas .com (Ihsan, 2020) 8

Ministry of Religion Encourages Tebing Tinggi STIT Alumni to be Ambassadors of Religious Moderation
Monitor (Ariant, 2020) 9

Ministry of Religion Instructs Islamic Universities to Study Distance
Merdeka.com (Faqih, 2020) 11

Ministry of Religion Redesigns Student Development and Guidance
Republika.co.id (Kelana, 2020b) 12 Five Strategies of Islamic Higher Education in Facing Era 4.0 Medcom.id (Ramadhan, 2019) 13 Students, Don't Just Pursue a Degree Koran Jakarta (Larasati, 2020a)  WartaKini.co (Ridwan, 2020) Siedoo (Ali, 2019) Medcom.Id (Larasati, 2020b) Table 1 above shows the top 22 news that was successfully obtained by researchers using the Google Indonesia search engine on December 25 at 03.00 PM. Search times are stated very specifically because, at different times, the top search results may also be different.

Main Topic Analysis
After the coding process was carried out, several main topics appeared in the various news stories. The main topic coding results are in the following table. From table 2 above, we can see that the PTKI Challenge according to various news quotes has caused many things with 58 references obtained by researchers from 22 online news. The 58 references are divided into twenty main topics. Of the 20 main topics mentioned above, the most highlighted challenge is "the curriculum is not yet following the needs" which is quoted from 8 references. Next, the PTKI challenge that was quoted the most was the "Pandemic" which throughout 2020 was hitting Indonesia with citations of 6 references. Furthermore, the PTKI challenge that was most highlighted was Institutional Strengthening with 6 quotes. And also widely cited is the strengthening of skills and knowledge at PTKI which is a challenge with 6 references.

CONCLUSION
The results of the main topic analysis showed that the PTKI Challenges according to various news quotes had caused many things with 58 references obtained by researchers from 22 online news stories. The 58 references are divided into twenty main topics. Of the 20 main topics mentioned above, the most highlighted challenge is "the curriculum is not yet following the needs" which is quoted from 8 references. Next, the PTKI challenge that was quoted the most was the "Pandemic" which throughout 2020 was hitting Indonesia with citations of 6 references. Furthermore, the PTKI challenge that was most highlighted was Institutional Strengthening with 6 quotes. And also widely quoted is the strengthening of skills and knowledge in PTKI which is a challenge with 6 references